ICC Code of Conduct Explained — Player Behaviour, Levels & Penalties
The ICC Code of Conduct sets the standards of behaviour for international cricketers. Learn the four levels of offence, common violations like dissent and abuse of equipment, the demerit-point system, and how match referees apply sanctions.
The ICC Code of Conduct for Players and Player Support Personnel governs how participants in international cricket are expected to behave on and off the field. It is separate from — but complementary to — the Laws of Cricket. While the Laws deal with what is legal within the game itself, the Code of Conduct addresses players' conduct, public statements, and interactions with officials, opponents, and spectators.
Four levels of offence
| Level | Description | Typical sanction |
|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | Dissent at an umpire's decision; excessive appealing; offensive language not directed at a person | Official reprimand to 50% of match fee + 1–2 demerit points |
| Level 2 | Abuse of equipment or the pitch; showing dissent at a TV umpire's decision; unsporting play | 25–75% of match fee + 2–4 demerit points |
| Level 3 | Intimidating or threatening an umpire; deliberate distraction of a batsman; physical contact with an opponent | 4–6 demerit points; possible suspension |
| Level 4 | Threatening, assaulting, or physically abusing an umpire, match official, or player | Minimum 2-match suspension up to 5 years |
Demerit point system
Demerit points accumulate on a rolling 24-month period. When a player reaches 4 demerit points, they are suspended for one Test or two ODIs/T20Is. At 8 points, the suspension doubles. Points do not reset between series — a player who collects 3 points in one tour and 2 points in the next tour within 24 months faces a suspension. This rolling system incentivises consistent good behaviour rather than allowing a 'slate wipe' between series.
How the process works
Offences are charged by the match referee, a neutral ICC-appointed official present at all international matches. The on-field umpires report incidents to the match referee, who reviews video evidence and speaks with the player. For Level 1 and 2 offences, the match referee can impose sanctions directly; the player has the right to contest the charge. For Level 3 and 4 offences, an independent tribunal is convened. Players can appeal sanctions to the ICC's independent panel within 72 hours.
Common violations and landmark cases
The most frequent Code of Conduct violations involve dissent — gesturing at a decision, lingering at the crease, or audible negative comments directed at the umpire. Sledging crosses into a Code breach when language is personal, threatening, or discriminatory. Ben Stokes received a Level 3 charge for showing dissent at a third umpire's decision during the 2023 Ashes. Steve Smith was suspended from a Test in 2016 for attempting to seek dressing room guidance on a DRS decision — described as 'conduct contrary to the spirit of the game.'
Frequently asked questions
Who is the match referee in cricket?
Match referees are senior former cricketers appointed by the ICC from its Elite Panel of Match Referees. They are neutral (from a different country than either team) and attend all ICC-sanctioned international matches. Their primary role is to ensure compliance with the Code of Conduct and the Spirit of Cricket. They do not make on-field decisions — that remains the umpires' domain.
Can players be fined for excessive celebrating?
Yes. Aggressive or provocative celebrations — particularly those directed at dismissed batsmen — can constitute Level 1 dissent or, if severe, a higher offence. The ICC expects players to celebrate respectfully and discourages running towards a dismissed batsman in an intimidating manner.
Does the Code of Conduct apply to domestic cricket?
The ICC Code of Conduct applies to international matches under ICC jurisdiction. Domestic tournaments have their own codes administered by national boards, but most are modelled closely on the ICC framework. Franchise tournaments such as the IPL or BBL maintain separate disciplinary codes enforced by their respective governing bodies.